Stationarity Test of Renewable Energy Consumption with Fractional Frequency Fourier Unit Root Test: Evidence from BRICS-T Countries

Countries consume large amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas due to the energy structure dominated by fossil fuels worldwide. For this reason, rate renewable energies in countries or country groups general is below global average level. In study, we aimed test stationarity consumption for Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey (the BRICS-T countries), which are a rapid development. purpose, Bozoklu et al. (2020) used fractional frequency Fourier unit root test. Annual data on covering period 1990–2015 have been accessed from official database World Bank. According results obtained, it has found that one countries, stationary other contain root.